Association of Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion with Blood Pressure. Andrew Mente, Ph.D., Martin J. O'Donnell, M.B., Ph.D., Sumathy Rangarajan. BUPHENYL (sodium phenylbutyrate) Tablets for oral administration and BUPHENYL (sodium phenylbutyrate) Powder for oral, nasogastric, or gastrostomy tube administration. For many decades now, U.S. But the drive to do this has little basis in science. What Is Sodium?Sodium (salt) is a mineral found in many foods. We need sodium for important bodily. IdealShake, 3 IdealShake Meal Packs & FREE Shaker Bottle. I went on this program on Oct 3. From then until Novembe 21, I lost 12 lbs. Pineapple: Health Benefits, Recipes, Health Risks. Christopher Columbus brought pineapples back to Europe after an expedition to South America. Pineapples became known as an extravagant and exotic fruit, served only at the most lavish of banquets. More detail and supporting information is in the main article. Pineapples may help in a range of conditions, including asthma and diabetes. One cup of pineapple contains 8. C needs. Pineapple can be added to kebabs, smoothies, and a whole range of salads. Pineapples should be picked when ripe because they do not continue to ripen once removed from the plant. Possible health benefits of pineapples. Consuming fruits and vegetables of all kinds has long been associated with a reduced risk of many lifestyle- related health conditions. One of these nutrients is beta- carotene, found in plant foods like pineapple, mangoes, papaya, apricots, broccoli, cantaloupe, pumpkin, and carrots. According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, fewer than 2 percent of U. S. One medium pineapple provides about 1. Because free radicals can damage the reproductive system, foods with high antioxidant activity like pineapples are recommended for those trying to conceive. The antioxidants in pineapple, such as vitamin C and beta- carotene, and the vitamins and minerals copper, zinc, and folate have properties that affect both male and female fertility. Bromelain is currently being used to treat and reduce inflammation from tendinitis, sprains, strains, and other minor muscle injuries as well as swelling related to ear, nose, and throat surgeries or trauma. ![]() ![]() Vitamin C also plays a vital role in the formation of collagen, the support system of the skin. Try shrimp, chicken, or steak kebabs with red onions, pineapple, and cherry tomatoes. Make a fruit salad with strawberries, pineapple, mandarin oranges, and grapes. Top with unsweetened shredded coconut for a fresh twist. Add some pineapple slices to your salad at lunch or dinner. Compliment the pineapple with walnuts or pecans, a crumbled cheese, and light balsamic or citrus vinaigrette dressing. Make your own juice. Nothing tastes better than fresh fruit juice in the morning. When you make your own, you can be sure there are no added preservatives or sweeteners. ![]() ![]() Make a fresh salsa with pineapple, mango, jalape. High potassium foods should be consumed in moderation when taking beta- blockers. If your kidneys are unable to remove excess potassium from the blood, it could be fatal. However, individual reactions vary. It is better to eat a varied diet than to focus on individual foods. Salt and the Athlete. Recently, Americans have been urged to pay more attention to their sodium intake. Decades ago, all foods seemed heavily salted. Then, a link between sodium intake and high blood pressure was discovered. Certainly, to a degree, this is justified. Many diseases are worsened by excess sodium intake, and millions of Americans must closely watch the amount of sodium in their diet. However, sodium is a required element for normal body functions. It is lost in sweat and urine and is replaced in the diet. The body has a remarkable ability to maintain sodium and water balance throughout a variety of conditions, thus ensuring our survival. Ultraendurance events challenge this survival mechanism. In hot, humid conditions a large amount of sweat is lost, which can disturb sodium and water balance. Adequate hydration and sodium intake - - either via sports drinks or food - - becomes vitally important during long races. The goal of this article is to help you determine how to maintain sodium balance during training and racing and during recovery. The information for this article came from a variety of published studies done on healthy, young athletes and may not be appropriate for everyone. Athletes who are under a physician's care or have health problems should check with their doctor about salt and their ability to exercise in the heat. Hyponatremia - - what is it? Hyponatremia means a low concentration of sodium in the blood. When it occurs in triathletes, it usually happens during long or ultra- distance races in the heat but may occur anytime. It is estimated that approximately 3. Hawaii Ironman are both hyponatremic and dehydrated. The longer the race, the greater the risk of hyponatremia. What causes it? The exact mechanisms are not fully understood and I won't go into the complex physiologic pathways of sodium and water balance. The simplest answer is that lost sweat (salt and water) is replaced by ingested water (no salt). This dilutes the sodium in the bloodstream, and hyponatremia results. Longer races carry a greater risk of hyponatremia because of the total amount of sweat lost. During exercise in the heat, more salt is lost in sweat per hour than is usually replaced by food and fluids, including sports drinks. Your body can tolerate a degree of imbalance for a short period of time, but it may decompensate if this continues for too long. Sweat contains between 2. So, for a 1. 2 hour race, one could lose approximately 2. If the athlete replaces only the lost water and has minimal salt intake, hyponatremia can result. Medications and hyponatremia. Aspirin, ibuprofen, and other non- steroidal anti- inflammatory agents interfere with kidney function and may contribute to the development of hyponatremia in triathletes. The same applies to acetaminophen (Tylenol). I have seen many athletes taking these drugs during Ironman races, and I strongly recommend against this practice. They won't make you faster and may hurt you. Under tough conditions, your kidneys need to function at 1. Other drugs that may contribute to hyponatremia are diuretics, narcotics, and certain psychiatric medications. What are the symptoms of hyponatremia? The spectrum of symptoms can range from mild to severe and can include nausea, muscle cramps, disorientation, slurred speech, confusion, and inappropriate behavior. As it progresses, victims may experience seizures or coma, and death can occur. Severe hyponatremia is a true medical emergency. Treatment. Minor symptoms, such as nausea and mild muscle cramps, can be treated by eating salty foods and hydrating with a sodium containing sports drink. More severe symptoms require treatment by qualified medical personnel. If you think you are suffering from hyponatremia or are unsure, seek medical attention immediately. Recommendations. There are no clear cut guidelines, and recommendations need to be individualized for each triathlete. Some authorities recommend drinking less water to rebalance sodium and water intake. However, given the risk of dehydration and heat injury, this is not a practical recommendation. To reiterate, all of the hyponatremic athletes in the Hawaii Ironman were also dehydrated. Others recommend increasing salt intake, and this seems more prudent. By ingesting more sodium, hydration with water is balanced and dilution of blood sodium does not occur. Relative importance for different length raceslength of race less than 1 hr 1 - 3 hrs > 3 hrswater - /+ + +carbohydrate - + +salt - - /+ +It cannot be stressed enough that you have got to know what your needs are prior to race day. Rehearse your hydration, feeding, and salt strategy during your training sessions. There are so many variations between individuals that there is no single right answer. Know what your body's' needs are. Drink frequently to attempt to stay hydrated. Please note that this may not be appropriate for everyone. A Texas favorite after a hot training ride, or run, is low- fat tortilla chips (salty ones) and picante sauce (quite salty). Sodium? Undoubtedly, some of you have noticed that FDA food labels list grams (or milligrams) of sodium, and at times in this article, I have referred to grams of salt. What is the difference? Salt is made up of sodium and chloride. The FDA labels lists only the sodium content. This is because there are usually other sodium containing salts (eg. To avoid confusion, the easiest way to ensure that you have enough sodium intake is to get used to reading the FDA labels. For example to get 1 gram (1. Gatorade - - certainly impractical every hour! To get 1 gram of sodium from table salt, you would need to ingest 2. A teaspoon of salt weighs approximately 6. What about salt tablets? It is best if you strive to get your sodium from both sports drinks and salty foods - - as opposed to salt tablets - - for two reasons. Salty foods stimulate thirst, and it is possible to ingest too much salt with tablets but very difficult with food. If you don't think that your food and sports drink is providing enough sodium, then consider salt tablets. Make sure you know how much you are taking! What foods are best? Ideally, foods consumed during a long race should be low fat, low protein, high carbohydrate, and provide a source of sodium. You need water, carbohydrates, and salt to survive a long race. For convenience, I have listed a few foods and sports drinks and their respective sodium content. You'll need to experiment and find the combination that is best for you. Get used to reading the FDA labels. Salty. pretzel twists 5.
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June 2017
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